vLLM: OOM Denial of Service via Audio Decompression Bomb

### Summary vLLM's `/v1/audio/transcriptions` endpoint limits compressed upload size but not decoded PCM output. A 25MB OPUS file expands to ~14.9GB of float32 PCM at decode time. Tested on vLLM v0.19.0. ### Details `SpeechToTextProcessor` rejects uploads over `VLLM_MAX_AUDIO_CLIP_FILESIZE_MB` (default 25MB) based on compressed byte length, but the audio decoder in `audio.py` accumulates all decoded frames into memory with no size limit before returning: ```python # speech_to_text.py L184-189 if len(audio_data) / 1024 ** 2 > self.max_audio_filesize_mb: raise VLLMValidationError(...) y, sr = load_audio(buf, sr=self.asr_config.sample_rate) # decoded size unchecked # audio.py L77-107 chunks: list[npt.NDArray] = [] for frame in container.decode(stream): chunks.append(frame.to_ndarray()) audio = np.concatenate(chunks, axis=-1).astype(np.float32) # single contiguous allocation ``` A 25MB OPUS file at 6kbps encodes ~8.7 hours of audio. Decoding produces ~5.7GB of float32 PCM (232x amplification), and `np.concatenate` then allocates a second contiguous array, bringing peak RSS to ~14.9GB from a single request. `SpeechToTextConfig.max_audio_clip_s` (default 30s) applies only after the full decode and does not prevent the allocation. ### Impact An unauthenticated attacker can exhaust server memory with a small number of concurrent requests, each a valid upload within the documented size limit. Severity was assessed with reference to prior OOM vulnerability reports in vLLM. ### Fix A fix for this vulnerability was merged here: https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/44970

CVSS 3.1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Severity from

GitHub (reviewed advisory)

Weakness

CWE-409

Also known as

CVE-2026-54233, PYSEC-2026-3404

• github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-6pr9-rp53-2pmc
• nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54233
• github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/44970
• github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/1b1359c33269446f13c05da9a90c25174cbea590
• github.com/advisories/GHSA-6pr9-rp53-2pmc
• github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/vllm/PYSEC-2026-3404.yaml
• github.com/vllm-project/vllm
• github.com/vllm-project/vllm/releases/tag/v0.23.1rc0
• pypi.org/project/vllm